3.1 Test of various catalysts for alkylation of diphenylamine and 1-nonene. Various solid acid catalysts with different pore structures, HZSM5, HY, Hβ and raw bentonite, were tested by the alkylation of DPA and 1-nonene, and the results are shown in Fig. 1.The liquid product was consisted of unconverted diphenylamine and nonene, and …
In this paper, a new facile modification strategy to enhance the adsorption performance of bentonite utilizing synergistic acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring …
Abstract. Locally available Bentonite clay is structurally augmented by acid activation to enhance the catalytic properties. Bentonite sample post beneficiation was …
Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15,16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) [17, 18] and other acids [19,20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as ...
In this paper, we proposed a facile modification strategy to enhance adsorption performance of bentonite utilizing synergistic acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring, by which the adsorbent (abbreviated as S-Fe-BT) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (246.06 mg/g) and a high rapid adsorption rate for a typical organic …
Thermodynamic analysis illustrated that the adsorption process was feasible and exothermic in nature, while the characterization findings verified the alteration of FTIR bands. Herein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic secondary …
purification has become a topic of research. In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used in the bentonite clay activation. The activated clays were used in the UMO
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching …
A white calcium bentonite (CaB) from the Kütahya region/Turkey was activated by heating it for 6 hours at 97°C in H2SO4 solution. The mass percentage of H2SO4 in the bentonite-acid mixture was ...
A few studies reported that an amorphous structure can be obtained after the acid activation treatment of bentonite using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid. 33) However, very few studies have evaluated the effects of acid concentrations on the properties of bentonite. Thus, our results differ from those in previous reports ...
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The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 o C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric acid.
2.2. Activation of Bentonite by Hydrochloric Acid. The hydrochloric acid (HCl) (98%, d = 1.98 g/cm 3) and other chemicals used are of analytical grade. The purified bentonite was prepared for acid activation: 15 g ± 0.01 g of the purified sample was weighed into a flask and 200 mL of 1.0 M HCl was added.
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).
To prepare acid activated Indian bentonite, the Indian bentonite was slurried with water and then mixed with conc. H 2 SO 4 (98%) at predetermined acid/clay ratio of 0.30 so as to form a clay slurry, which was heated on a water bath at 90 °C for 16 h with constant stirring (pH 1.84). At the end of the reaction time the activation was …
2.2 Activation of bentonite clay Activation was done based study of Samira & Moussa, 2014; 400 mL of hydrochloric acid (2M HCl) (98%, d = 1.98 g/cm3) solution was added to 50 g of NB sample. The ...
2.2 Activation of bentonite clay and characterization. Sulfuric acid activation was carried out by treating 150 g of raw bentonite clay with 0.1 M and 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 at 50 °C for 1 h with continuous stirring. The activated bentonite clays were washed with distilled water till a pH of 6–7 was attained and dried in an oven at 105 °C for 12 h.
Sultanate of Oman, Sohar, Al Batinah +968 93671065 +968 94870845 ... and Aqua-venture International to become a premier fertilizer company engaged in manufacturing and marketing of Sulphur-Bentonite and other variety of micro-nutrients. ... Sultanate of Oman. The plant is operating using state-of-the-art technology and SCADA based atomized ...
The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H 2 SO 4 with different concentrations was carried out.
Herein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic …
Powder Technology; View via Publisher. Save to Library Save. Create Alert Alert. Cite. Share. 123 Citations. Highly Influential Citations. 3. ... The objective of this work is to determine changes of surface properties of a bentonite after acid activation, using hydrochloric acid solutions (HCl) at room temperature. XRD, FX, FTIR, MEB, and BET ...
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLAY.2013.08.017 Corpus ID: 95093480; Acid-activation assisted by microwave of a Brazilian bentonite and its activity in the bleaching of soybean oil @article{Foletto2013AcidactivationAB, title={Acid-activation assisted by microwave of a Brazilian bentonite and its activity in the bleaching of soybean oil}, author={Edson Luiz …
Chinese J. Chem. Eng., 14(2) 25358 (2006) Characterization, Acid Activation and Bleaching Performance of Bentonite from Xinjiang* WU Zhansheng(^ t)a, LI Chun(^#) a'c'**, SUN Xifang(^*^)a, XU DAI Bin(ft $)a, LI Jin'e(*&$)a and ZHAO Hongsheng *i * b 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, …
The particle size distributions of the original and acid-activated samples showed that the acid activation strongly affected the particle sizes of the particles. While 97.8% of the original bentonite sample is less than 10 µm in size, 97.8% of the activated samples with 0.5 M acid and 92% of the activated sample with 4 M acid are less than …
Abstract A study is performed of the effect the means of activation of bentonite-like clays (acidic, alkaline, combined) have on the adsorption characteristics of Fe3+ ions under static conditions. The mechanism of the acidic and alkaline activation of montmorillonite is identified and found to depend on the concentration of the activating …
The Kütahya calcium bentonite (CaB) from Turkey shows significant changes in crystal structure, chemical composition and porosity with H 2 SO 4 activation realized by heating its acidic aqueous suspension at 97 °C for 6 h. The acid content was changed from zero to 70% by mass, based on the dry bentonite–acid mixture.
The performance of bentonitic clays in removing these compounds relies heavily on the types of raw clays and acids used in the activation process. In this work, we report on the removal of olefins from aromatic streams …
The effect of acid activation on the textural properties of a bentonite from Serbia was investigated using response surface methodology. The influence of activation parameters (temperature, time, acid normality, solid-to-liquid ratio and stirring rate) on the specific surface area, pore volume, pore diameter and bulk density of the activated …
DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2024.120638 Corpus ID: 272102819; Zn-doped bentonite catalysts for waste engine oil cracking: Thermal treatment offers a cleaner alternative to acid activation
The bentonite clay after acid activation was used as a catalyst for diester preparation using succinic acid and ethanol. The conversion of succinic acid was 62% with high yield (73%) of valuable diester demonstrating high activity and selectivity. ... Powder Technology, Volume 440, 2024, Article 119758. Jianwei Cheng, …, Wanxin Song.
The effect of acid activation on the textural properties of a bentonite from Serbia was investigated using response surface methodology. The influence of activation parameters (temperature, time ...
Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as the activation can be performed by mild process conditions and the quality of the end product is better with high specific surface area and ...
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).
The combination that is likely to be more preferable on an industrial scale was 100°C, 25% pulp density (w/v), 1m initial oxalic acid concentration, 60% recycling of the oxalate solution (making up an acid to bentonite ratio 0.2 w/w) and 6 h activation time.
activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used in the bentonite clay activation. The activated clays ...
Sorption studies were carried out in a batch system using Cr(III) solution on non-treated and acid-treated white-colored calcium-bentonite (WCa-B). WCa-B, which has the highest cation exchange capacity (119 meq/100 g), was treated with 2 different acids (H2SO4 and HCl) at various concentrations. The surface area was increased …
The activation of bentonite results in an increase in the number of active sites, increase the pore volume, increase the surface area, etc. The major process of activation is thermal and acid activation. The acid activation is mostly carried out by sulphuric acid …
Our previous study reported that the acid activation of bentonite using a single-acid solution, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, …